Question 1

Which of the following best describes dual innervation in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Innervation of a single organ by both branches of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

Question 2

A patient is experiencing increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and sweaty skin after a car accident. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most active?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between the nervous and endocrine systems?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system uses neurotransmitters for short-lived, specific responses.

Question 5

Which receptor type is ALWAYS excitatory when acetylcholine binds to it?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptor

Question 6

A drug blocks muscarinic receptors. Which of the following effects would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Reduced parasympathetic effects on target organs, such as decreased salivation and slowed digestion

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the endocrine system can affect multiple organs simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Hormones are released into the blood and travel throughout the body.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct pathway for a sympathetic nerve impulse to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic neuron releases ACh at a ganglion, postganglionic neuron releases norepinephrine at the heart

Question 9

Which adrenergic receptor subtype is primarily responsible for excitatory effects on the heart?

Accepted Answer

$$\$$beta_1$$

Question 10

A person is relaxing after a meal. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is dominant, and what is a typical physiological effect?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic division; increased gastrointestinal activity

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a two-neuron chain: preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.

Question 12

Which of the following is a feature of the somatic nervous system but NOT the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Single neuron from CNS to effector organ

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of acetylcholine binding to muscarinic receptors in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

It slows heart rate.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It dilates the bronchioles.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about adrenergic receptors?

Accepted Answer

$$\$$alpha_1$$ and $$\$$beta_1$$ receptors are generally excitatory, while $$\$$alpha_2$$ and $$\$$beta_2$$ are generally inhibitory.

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions in terms of fiber length?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers.

Question 17

Which of the following organs is NOT typically dually innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Sweat glands

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the effect of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors can be either inhibitory or excitatory?

Accepted Answer

It depends on the type of organ and the specific muscarinic receptor subtype present.

Question 19

A patient receives a medication that blocks $$\$$beta_2$$ adrenergic receptors. Which effect would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of bronchioles

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the adrenal medulla is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It releases catecholamine hormones such as epinephrine into the blood during sympathetic activation.

Chapter 14: The Autonomic Division – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards