Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

It innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands to maintain optimal body support and operates via subconscious control.

Question 2

A person is relaxing after a meal, with low heart rate and constricted pupils. Which division of the ANS is primarily active?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic division

Question 3

During vigorous physical activity, which of the following is NOT a typical effect of sympathetic activation?

Accepted Answer

Increased gastrointestinal tract activity

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the sites of origin for sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic fibers are craniosacral; sympathetic fibers are thoracolumbar.

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is released by most postganglionic sympathetic fibers?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 6

A patient has a disorder affecting the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord. Which division of the ANS is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 7

Which of the following best explains 'dual innervation' in the ANS?

Accepted Answer

Visceral organs are served by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, often causing opposite effects.

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the lengths of fibers in the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic division has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.

Question 9

Which equation best represents the relationship between blood pressure ($$BP$$), vasomotor tone ($$VT$$), and vessel diameter ($$D) as $$controlled by the sympathetic division?

Accepted Answer

$$BP \propto \frac{1}{D}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a structure innervated ONLY by the sympathetic division?

Accepted Answer

Sweat glands

Question 11

A patient is experiencing rapid heart rate, dilated pupils, and cold, sweaty skin. Which neurotransmitter is most likely elevated at the effector sites?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a visceral reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 13

Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in carrying parasympathetic fibers?

Accepted Answer

Trigeminal nerve (V)

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about neurotransmitter release in the ANS?

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic fibers release acetylcholine (ACh); postganglionic sympathetic fibers release norepinephrine (NE).

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Control of reflexes that empty the rectum and bladder

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the location of ganglia in the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic ganglia are located in or near the visceral effectors; sympathetic ganglia lie close to the spinal cord.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of dynamic antagonism between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

It maintains homeostasis by causing opposite effects on visceral organs.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence for a two-neuron chain in the ANS?

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic neuron → Autonomic ganglion → Postganglionic neuron → Effector

Question 19

A patient with damage to the vagus nerve (X) would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Reduced parasympathetic control of heart and digestive organs

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) in the ANS?

Accepted Answer

ACh can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending on the type of receptor.

Nurs 1002-Obj #14

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