Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid for transport by the blood.

Question 2

A patient presents with high blood pressure, low potassium, and high sodium levels. Which hormone is most likely being hypersecreted?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 3

Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood solute concentration and acts to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the second-messenger system involving cAMP?

Accepted Answer

Hormone binds receptor → G-protein activated → Adenylate cyclase activated → cAMP formed → Protein kinase A activated

Question 5

A patient with Graves disease is likely to present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss, heat intolerance, and increased heart rate

Question 6

Which hormone is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland and is secreted in response to hypercalcemia?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why oral preparations of human growth hormone (hGH) are ineffective?

Accepted Answer

hGH is destroyed by acid and enzymatic reactions in the stomach.

Question 8

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of the thyroid gland and its secretion of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 9

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is at risk for which of the following complications if left untreated?

Accepted Answer

Ketoacidosis, polyuria, and polydipsia

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for hydrophobic hormones such as steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They diffuse through the plasma membrane, bind to intracellular receptors, and alter gene expression.

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by the heart and acts to decrease blood pressure by promoting vasodilation and natriuresis?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates osteoclasts to increase calcium release into the blood

Question 13

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the body's immediate response to a stressor, such as being chased by an animal?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 14

A patient with Addison disease is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Disruptions in fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis

Question 15

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating the sleep/wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin decreases blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and storage.

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted in response to low blood oxygen and stimulates red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a hormone acting as an antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon acting on blood glucose levels

Question 19

A patient with a pituitary tumor secreting excess growth hormone after closure of the epiphyseal plates will most likely develop:

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 20

Which hormone is produced by adipose tissue and acts on the hypothalamus to induce satiety?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Chapter 16: The Endocrine System – Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions