Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference in communication between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system communicates locally with specific target organs, while the endocrine system communicates generally with widespread effects.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing rapid changes in heart rate and muscle contraction in response to a sudden threat. Which system is primarily responsible for these immediate responses?

Accepted Answer

Nervous system, because it uses rapid electrical impulses and neurotransmitters.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function regulated by the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of voluntary muscle movement

Question 4

A hormone is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A chemical messenger secreted into the bloodstream that stimulates a response in another tissue or organ.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about hormone target cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Only cells with specific receptors for a hormone will respond to that hormone.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of an endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 7

What is the main difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands release hormones into tissue fluids and blood, while exocrine glands release nonhormonal secretions via ducts.

Question 8

Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 9

Water-soluble hormones, such as most amino acid-based hormones, act by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to plasma membrane receptors and activating second messengers via G-proteins.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why a cell may not respond to a circulating hormone?

Accepted Answer

The cell lacks the specific receptor for that hormone.

Question 11

A patient with diabetes mellitus has difficulty regulating blood glucose levels. Which endocrine organ is most directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a hormone-producing cell found outside traditional endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Cells in the heart

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of hormone action on target cells?

Accepted Answer

Initiating action potentials in neurons

Question 14

Which chemical class of hormones is synthesized from cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones

Question 15

Which of the following statements about eicosanoids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are classified as autocrines and paracrines, acting over short distances.

Question 16

A water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane. What is the next likely step in the signal transduction pathway?

Accepted Answer

Activation of a G-protein and production of a second messenger.

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between hormone concentration ($$[H]$$), receptor availability ($$[R]$$), and cellular response ($$CR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CR = [H] 	imes [R]$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about lipid-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They act on intracellular receptors that directly activate genes.

Question 19

A researcher discovers a new hormone that is a protein and acts via second messengers. Which of the following is most likely true about this hormone?

Accepted Answer

It is water-soluble and cannot cross the plasma membrane.

Chapter 16: The Endocrine System – Foundations and Functions

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