Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in terms of signaling and response time?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system uses electrical impulses for rapid, short-term responses, while the endocrine system uses hormones for slower, long-lasting effects.

Question 2

Which of the following hormones is lipid-soluble and acts via direct gene activation?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Which hormone secretion is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 4

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of events in the cAMP second messenger system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone binds receptor → G protein activated → Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP → cAMP activates protein kinases

Question 5

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 6

A patient presents with symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Which hormone is most likely elevated, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone (TH); increases basal metabolic rate

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones generally have a longer half-life in the bloodstream compared to peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones are bound to plasma proteins, making them less susceptible to enzymatic degradation.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct pairing of hormone and its primary target organ?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) – Kidneys

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

PTH increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, stimulates osteoclast activity in bone, and increases calcium absorption in the intestine.

Question 10

Which of the following hormones is produced by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 11

A patient with damage to the anterior pituitary would most likely have decreased secretion of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts.

Question 13

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

Accepted Answer

It transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.

Question 15

Which of the following is a water-soluble hormone that acts via a second messenger system?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why iodide must be oxidized to iodine in the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Only iodine can bind to tyrosine residues to form thyroid hormones.

Question 17

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is unable to produce which hormone, and what is the primary effect of this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; inability to lower blood glucose levels

Question 18

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and helps regulate circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a hormone produced by an organ that is not considered a major endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin from the kidneys

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of luteinizing hormone (LH) in females?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates ovulation and production of estrogen and progesterone

Chapter 16: The Endocrine System – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards