Question 1

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback mechanism involving the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones inhibit the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Question 2

A patient presents with abnormally high blood calcium levels. Which hormone would most likely be administered to help lower their blood calcium concentration, and what is its primary mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; it inhibits osteoclast activity and increases calcium excretion by the kidneys.

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is released in response to increased solute concentration in the blood and acts primarily on the kidneys to retain water?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

A researcher is studying a hormone that is derived from cholesterol, binds to intracellular receptors, and regulates gene expression. Which hormone is most likely being studied?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of growth hormone (GH) on target tissues?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating the liver to release somatomedins (IGFs)

Question 6

A patient with Addison's disease has a deficiency in glucocorticoids. Which zone of the adrenal cortex is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Zona fasciculata

Question 7

Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and stimulates ovarian follicle development in females?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones do NOT use cell membrane receptors?

Accepted Answer

They are lipid-soluble and can diffuse through the plasma membrane to bind intracellular receptors.

Question 9

A patient is experiencing dehydration and low blood pressure. Which hormone would be expected to increase in secretion to help restore homeostasis, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of hormonal regulation for cortisol secretion?

Accepted Answer

CRH from hypothalamus → ACTH from anterior pituitary → cortisol from adrenal cortex

Question 11

A patient has a tumor that causes excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Which of the following laboratory findings would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood calcium and decreased bone density

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of milk from the mammary glands during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the glucose-sparing effect of growth hormone (GH)?

Accepted Answer

GH stimulates adipose tissue to break down triglycerides, so tissues use fatty acids for ATP instead of glucose.

Question 14

A patient is given a drug that blocks the action of aldosterone. What is the most likely effect on their electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

Increased loss of sodium and water in urine

Question 15

Which hormone is released in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 16

A patient with a deficiency in insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced tissue growth despite normal growth hormone levels

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the hormone calcitriol, produced in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

Enhances absorption of calcium and phosphate ions from the digestive tract

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why removal of the thyroid gland does not significantly affect blood calcium levels in healthy adults?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the primary regulator of blood calcium, not calcitonin.

Question 19

A patient is experiencing symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and weight loss. Which hormone is most likely elevated?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of RANKL in bone metabolism as it relates to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

PTH stimulates osteoblasts to secrete RANKL, which increases osteoclast activity and bone resorption.

Chapter 16: The Endocrine System – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards