Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for the endocrine system

Question 2

A patient presents with chronic fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory results show a hematocrit of 30%. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most abundant and primarily responsible for maintaining plasma osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A centrifuged tube of whole blood shows three distinct layers. Which layer contains the majority of white blood cells and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes (RBCs) are efficient at transporting oxygen?

Accepted Answer

They are biconcave, lack nuclei and mitochondria, and are filled with hemoglobin

Question 6

A male athlete abuses erythropoietin (EPO) to enhance performance. Which of the following is a potential dangerous consequence?

Accepted Answer

Blood viscosity increases, raising the risk of clotting and stroke

Question 7

Which of the following dietary components is essential for DNA synthesis during erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B$_{12}$ and folic acid

Question 8

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Lack of erythropoietin (EPO) production

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme portion of hemoglobin after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is degraded to bilirubin, secreted in bile, and excreted as stercobilin in feces

Question 10

A patient with sickle-cell anemia is less likely to contract malaria. What is the most plausible explanation for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The malaria parasite cannot survive well in sickled RBCs

Question 11

Calculate the approximate blood volume for a female weighing 60 kg, given that blood makes up about 8% of body weight. Use the formula $	ext{Blood Volume} = 0.08 	imes 	ext{Body Weight}$.

Accepted Answer

$4.8\ 	ext{L}$

Question 12

Which of the following would most likely result in a decreased hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

Chronic blood loss

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following best describes the red blood cells seen in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Microcytic and hypochromic

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct effect of testosterone on erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Enhances EPO production, increasing RBC count

Question 15

A patient with a genetic defect resulting in absent or faulty globin chains is most likely suffering from which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Thalassemia

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes cannot repair themselves?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and organelles

Question 17

A patient with a history of stomach surgery develops anemia due to lack of intrinsic factor. Which type of anemia is this?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of red blood cells in red bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells

Question 19

A patient at high altitude experiences increased EPO production. Which of the following best explains this physiological response?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygen availability triggers hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) accumulation, stimulating EPO synthesis

Question 20

Which of the following is a likely outcome if the rate of erythrocyte destruction exceeds the rate of production?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Chapter 17A: Blood

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