Question 1

Which of the following best explains why blood is classified as a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Because it contains cells, ground substance (plasma), and fibers (coagulation proteins) that meet the criteria for connective tissue.

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue and pallor. Laboratory tests reveal microcytic, hypochromic erythrocytes. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining blood osmotic pressure and acts as a carrier for other molecules?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person with type AB+ blood is considered a universal recipient. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

They have both A and B antigens and lack antibodies against A, B, and Rh antigens.

Question 5

Which of the following steps in hemostasis involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation

Question 6

A patient with a bone marrow disorder is unable to produce intrinsic factor. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Impaired absorption of vitamin B12 leading to pernicious anemia

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) in $$the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

They are required for several steps in the activation of clotting factors.

Question 8

A patient with a white blood cell count of 15,000 cells per mL is most likely experiencing which condition?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis due to infection

Question 9

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each hemoglobin molecule contains four heme groups, each with a central iron atom that binds oxygen.

Question 10

A patient receives a transfusion of type B+ blood but is type A-. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor red blood cells

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of leukocytes out of the capillaries to sites of infection or inflammation

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of platelets during hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug by adhering to exposed collagen at the injury site.

Question 13

A patient with thalassemia is likely to have which of the following abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Depressed synthesis of globin chains in hemoglobin

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between plasma and serum?

Accepted Answer

Serum is plasma without clotting proteins.

Question 15

Which of the following blood tests would be most useful in diagnosing a clotting disorder?

Accepted Answer

Prothrombin time

Question 16

A patient with polycythemia will most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity

Question 17

Which of the following is required for erythropoiesis and is transported in the blood bound to transferrin?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of colony stimulating factors (CSFs) in leukopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate the division and maturation of leukocyte precursors and enhance the activity of mature leukocytes.

Question 19

A patient with chronic leukemia is most likely to have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

An overproduction of mature but dysfunctional white blood cells

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why type O- blood is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

It lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, minimizing the risk of agglutination in recipients.

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

Study Guide - Practice Questions