Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory results show a hematocrit of 30%. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person with type AB blood can safely receive blood from which of the following ABO blood types?

Accepted Answer

Type A, Type B, Type AB, and Type O

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 6

Which hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 7

A patient with a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal beta chains of hemoglobin is most likely to develop which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes are efficient at transporting oxygen?

Accepted Answer

They are biconcave, lack organelles, and are packed with hemoglobin

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Prothrombin\ (II)\ \xrightarrow{Prothrombin\ activator}\ Thrombin\ (IIa)}$$

Question 10

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired synthesis of clotting factors and increased bleeding tendency

Question 11

Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood and is primarily responsible for phagocytizing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 12

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme portion of hemoglobin after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is degraded to bilirubin, secreted in bile, and eventually excreted as stercobilin in feces

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the coagulation cascade by forming a temporary plug at sites of vessel injury

Question 15

A patient receives a mismatched blood transfusion. Which of the following is the most immediate and dangerous consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor red blood cells

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why individuals with sickle-cell trait are less likely to contract malaria?

Accepted Answer

The altered hemoglobin impairs the malaria parasite's life cycle within red blood cells

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the intrinsic pathway in blood coagulation?

Accepted Answer

It is initiated by negatively charged surfaces within the blood, such as exposed collagen or activated platelets

Question 18

A patient with a WBC count of 15,000/μl and symptoms of infection is most likely experiencing which condition?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in a single erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{1\ Hb\ molecule\ binds\ 4\ O_2$}$$

Question 20

A patient with a genetic deficiency in factor VIII would most likely be diagnosed with which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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