$$Hct = \frac{\text{Volume of formed elements}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for endocrine signaling

Question 2

A patient has a hematocrit of 60%. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The patient has a higher than normal percentage of formed elements

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person with a genetic mutation affecting the beta globin subunit of hemoglobin is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell disease

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells from myeloid stem cells in red bone marrow

Question 6

A patient with vitamin B12 deficiency is likely to develop which type of anemia, and what is the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia; impaired DNA synthesis in developing RBCs

Question 7

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each red blood cell contains about 280 million hemoglobin molecules

Question 8

A person with type O negative blood can safely receive which of the following blood types in an emergency transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Type O negative

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit ($Hct$) as a percentage?

Accepted Answer

$$Hct = \frac{	ext{Volume of formed elements}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 10

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology?

Accepted Answer

Maternal anti-Rh antibodies cross the placenta and destroy fetal RBCs

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the differentiation of myeloid stem cells to neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

Myeloid stem cell → myeloblast → myelocyte → band cell → neutrophil

Question 12

A patient with a mutation causing abnormal production of all hemoglobin subunits is most likely to have which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Thalassemia

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why mature red blood cells cannot repair themselves?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and ribosomes

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct stimulus for the release of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Accepted Answer

Low tissue oxygen levels (hypoxia)

Question 15

A patient with malaria experiences cycles of fever and chills every 2-3 days. What is the underlying cause of these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Rupture of infected red blood cells releasing parasites and toxins

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of fibrinogen in blood?

Accepted Answer

Is converted to fibrin during blood clotting

Question 17

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired synthesis of clotting factors and increased bleeding

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why people with sickle cell trait (one copy of the sickling gene) have increased resistance to malaria?

Accepted Answer

Their RBCs are destroyed more rapidly, removing infected cells

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of the formed elements in blood from most to least abundant?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells > white blood cells > platelets

Question 20

A laboratory test shows a patient has microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Which nutritional deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Components

Study Guide - Practice Questions