Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating hematocrit?

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood as described in Chapter 17?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for endocrine organs

Question 2

A blood sample is centrifuged and yields three layers. Which layer contains the majority of white blood cells and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most abundant and primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A patient presents with chronic fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory tests reveal small, pale red blood cells. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Four polypeptide chains, each with a heme group containing iron

Question 6

If a person has a hematocrit of 60%, which condition might they be experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Question 7

Which equation best represents the relationship between blood pH and bicarbonate buffering?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3 \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H}^+ + \mathrm{HCO}_3^-$$

Question 8

Which dietary requirement is essential for DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells such as developing RBCs?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B$$_{12}$$ and folic acid

Question 9

A patient with pernicious anemia is most likely deficient in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic factor needed for vitamin B$$_{12}$$ absorption

Question 10

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They lack mitochondria and generate ATP anaerobically

Question 11

Which process describes the formation of all blood cells in the red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoiesis

Question 12

During erythropoiesis, which cell type is the immediate precursor to a mature erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

Reticulocyte

Question 13

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia and stimulates RBC production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 14

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which mechanism best explains this?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of erythropoietin

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the breakdown of hemoglobin in aging erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Heme is degraded to bilirubin, which is secreted in bile and transformed into stercobilin

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely result in tissue hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Too few circulating RBCs

Question 17

A patient is found to have large, pale RBCs and is diagnosed with macrocytic anemia. Which deficiency is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B$$_{12}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the fate of iron after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is stored in the liver as ferritin or hemosiderin for reuse

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes are biconcave in shape?

Accepted Answer

To maximize surface area for gas exchange and allow flexibility through capillaries

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Disorders

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