Q: Which equation represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

$$\text{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{\text{Prothrombin Activator}} \text{Thrombin}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a blood buffer and contributes to plasma osmotic pressure.

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory tests reveal microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the reversible binding of oxygen to hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Hb} + \mathrm{O}_2 \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{HbO}_2$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Initiating nerve impulses

Question 5

During erythropoiesis, which stage is characterized by the ejection of the nucleus and the formation of a biconcave shape?

Accepted Answer

Orthochromatic erythroblast

Question 6

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which mechanism best explains this?

Accepted Answer

Decreased erythropoietin production by the kidneys

Question 7

Which of the following statements about leukocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are the only formed elements that are complete cells with nuclei and organelles.

Question 8

Which pathway in coagulation is triggered by exposure to tissue factor (TF) and is considered the 'extrinsic' pathway?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway

Question 9

A person with blood type AB can receive blood from which of the following types?

Accepted Answer

A, B, AB, and O

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Plasminogen is converted to plasmin, which digests fibrin and removes the clot.

Question 11

A patient receives a transfusion of incompatible blood. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor red blood cells

Question 12

Which equation represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{	ext{Prothrombin Activator}} 	ext{Thrombin}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a risk factor for thromboembolic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why old erythrocytes are removed from circulation?

Accepted Answer

They become fragile and are trapped in the spleen, where macrophages engulf and break them down.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Rh blood groups and pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Rh-negative mothers can develop antibodies after exposure to Rh-positive fetal blood, affecting subsequent pregnancies.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

They are phagocytic and are the most numerous leukocyte.

Question 17

A patient with hemophilia A is deficient in which clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the positive feedback cycle in platelet plug formation?

Accepted Answer

ADP released by platelets causes more platelets to stick and release their contents.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100\%$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of polycythemia vera?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity and sluggish blood flow

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Disorders

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