Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between hematocrit (Hct), volume of red blood cells (V_{RBC}), and total blood volume (V_{blood})?

$$ Hct = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{blood}} \times 100 \% $$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a main function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of hormones for metabolic regulation

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 70%. Which condition is most likely present, and what is a potential risk associated with it?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia; increased risk of blood clot formation

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining colloid osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person with type O negative blood is considered a universal donor for red blood cell transfusions. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Their red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells in the red bone marrow

Question 6

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which mechanism best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of erythropoietin

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between hematocrit (Hct), volume of red blood cells (V_{RBC}), and total blood volume (V_{blood})?

Accepted Answer

$$ Hct = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{blood}} 	imes 100 \% $$

Question 8

A patient with sickle cell anemia is less likely to develop which infectious disease, and why?

Accepted Answer

Malaria; sickled cells are less hospitable to Plasmodium parasites

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of fibrinogen in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Forms insoluble threads that reinforce the platelet plug

Question 10

A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood but is type A. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Recipient's anti-B antibodies attack donor RBCs, causing hemolysis

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 12

Which leukocyte is most abundant in the blood and is the first responder to bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 13

A patient with a genetic defect in spectrin production would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired ability of RBCs to squeeze through capillaries

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes do not consume the oxygen they transport?

Accepted Answer

They lack mitochondria and generate ATP anaerobically

Question 15

Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of several clotting factors, and what could result from its deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K; impaired blood clotting

Question 16

A patient with aplastic anemia would most likely have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Low red blood cell count, low white blood cell count, and low platelet count

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of artificially increasing erythropoietin (EPO) levels in an athlete?

Accepted Answer

Increased oxygen-carrying capacity and higher risk of clotting

Question 18

Which of the following statements about antigens and antibodies is correct?

Accepted Answer

Antigens are proteins that bind to antibodies and trigger an immune response

Question 19

A person with Rh-negative blood receives Rh-positive blood for the first time. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

No immediate reaction, but anti-Rh antibodies will be produced

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why blood proteins help maintain fluid volume in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

They act as solutes, drawing water into the blood vessels by osmosis

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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