Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for endocrine signaling

Question 2

A centrifuged tube of whole blood separates into three layers. Which layer contains the majority of the body's immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most abundant and primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A patient presents with chronic fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory tests reveal a low hematocrit. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes (RBCs) are efficient at transporting oxygen?

Accepted Answer

They are biconcave, anucleate, and filled with hemoglobin

Question 6

What is the primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin (EPO) from the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygen levels in tissues (hypoxia)

Question 7

A person with type AB+ blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Any ABO and Rh blood type

Question 8

Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood and is specialized for phagocytosis of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 9

A patient with a genetic mutation that prevents the production of thrombopoietin would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced platelet count and impaired clotting

Question 10

Which step in hemostasis involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation

Question 11

A person living at high altitude develops polycythemia. What is the physiological advantage of this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Increased oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme group from hemoglobin after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is degraded to bilirubin and excreted in bile

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

Rh– mother and Rh+ fetus, second pregnancy

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the formation of a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → platelet plug formation → coagulation

Question 15

A patient receives a mismatched blood transfusion. Which of the following is the most immediate and dangerous consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor RBCs

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reversible binding of oxygen to hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Hb} + 4\mathrm{O}_2 \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{Hb}(\mathrm{O}_2)_4$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why iron deficiency leads to anemia?

Accepted Answer

Iron is essential for hemoglobin synthesis and oxygen transport

Question 18

Which white blood cell type is primarily responsible for antibody production?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocyte

Question 19

A patient with leukemia is most likely to experience which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Overproduction of abnormal WBCs and anemia

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of positive feedback in platelet plug formation?

Accepted Answer

Platelets stick to collagen, release chemicals, and recruit more platelets

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

Study Guide - Practice Questions