Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating hematocrit ($Hct$) given the volume of erythrocytes ($V_{RBC}$) and total blood volume ($V_{total}$)?

$Hct = \dfrac{V_{RBC}}{V_{total}} \times 100$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissues and lungs

Question 2

A blood sample is centrifuged and separates into three layers. Which layer contains the most dense component, and what is its primary cellular content?

Accepted Answer

Bottom layer; erythrocytes

Question 3

A patient with type B blood receives a transfusion of type A blood. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and possible hemolysis due to anti-A antibodies in the recipient's plasma

Question 4

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and pH balance in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 5

A person with blood type O negative is considered a universal donor. Which of the following explains why?

Accepted Answer

Their RBCs lack A, B, and Rh antigens, so recipient antibodies do not attack them

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of inactive fibrinogen to active fibrin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Fibrinogen} + \mathrm{Thrombin} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fibrin}$

Question 7

Which white blood cell type is most abundant and is the first to arrive at sites of tissue damage, where it acts as a phagocyte?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 8

A patient is found to have a deficiency in vitamin K. Which process in hemostasis will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation (conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin)

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are anucleate and lack organelles?

Accepted Answer

To allow for increased flexibility and maximize space for hemoglobin

Question 10

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which maternal and fetal blood types are most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Mother: Rh negative; Fetus: Rh positive

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating hematocrit ($Hct$) given the volume of erythrocytes ($V_{RBC}$) and total blood volume ($V_{total}$)?

Accepted Answer

$Hct = \dfrac{V_{RBC}}{V_{total}} 	imes 100$

Question 12

Which plasma protein is produced by B-lymphocytes and functions as an antibody?

Accepted Answer

Gamma globulin

Question 13

A patient with anemia is found to have a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Which of the following is most likely decreased in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Number of erythrocytes

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of monocytes after they migrate into tissues?

Accepted Answer

They become macrophages and act as antigen-presenting cells

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why blood is classified as a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It contains cells suspended in a liquid matrix (plasma)

Question 17

Which of the following white blood cells releases histamine and heparin at the start of an allergic response?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 18

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia and stimulates erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 19

A patient with leukemia has a high WBC count, but still gets frequent infections. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The WBCs produced are abnormal and do not function properly

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

WBCs squeeze through capillary walls to enter damaged tissue

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Components

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