Question 1

A mother who is Rh-negative is pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus. What is the primary risk to the fetus during a second pregnancy if the mother does not receive RhoGAM?

Accepted Answer

The fetus may develop hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) due to maternal anti-Rh antibodies crossing the placenta and destroying fetal RBCs.

Question 2

Which phase of hemostasis involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, forming a protein mesh that stabilizes the platelet plug?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation phase

Question 3

Which white blood cell type is primarily responsible for releasing histamine to increase inflammation during an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Basophils

Question 4

A patient presents with microcytic anemia. Which nutritional deficiency is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the action of RhoGAM in preventing hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

RhoGAM contains anti-Rh antibodies that destroy fetal RBCs before the mother's immune system can respond.

Question 6

Which white blood cell type specializes in defending against specific pathogens and toxins?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 7

A patient with sickle cell disease is less susceptible to malaria infection. What is the physiological basis for this protection?

Accepted Answer

Sickled RBCs are destroyed by macrophages, which also eliminates malaria parasites inside them.

Question 8

Which of the following is required for both platelet aggregation and the coagulation phase of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$})$$

Question 9

A blood smear shows elevated eosinophils. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Allergic reaction or parasitic infection

Question 10

Which congenital blood disorder is characterized by reduced production of a clotting factor, leading to prolonged bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Question 11

During the coagulation phase, which enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Thrombin

Question 12

Which vitamin is essential for the liver to synthesize clotting factor proteins?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 13

A patient with pernicious anemia has macrocytic RBCs. What is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency or lack of intrinsic factor for absorption

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of chemotaxis in white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Movement toward specific chemical signals at sites of infection or damage

Question 15

Which blood disorder is characterized by abnormal proliferation of white blood cells originating in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Question 16

Which phase of hemostasis is responsible for the immediate constriction of blood vessels following injury?

Accepted Answer

Vascular phase

Question 17

A patient with bacteremia is at risk for which severe systemic condition if the infection spreads throughout body tissues?

Accepted Answer

Septicemia (blood poisoning)

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Prothrombin} + \mathrm{Factor\ X} + \mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$} \rightarrow \mathrm{Thrombin}$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about white blood cells is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Most white blood cells spend little time in the bloodstream and migrate through connective tissues.

Question 20

A patient with abnormal lymphocytes in a blood smear is most likely suffering from which type of leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Lymphoid leukemia

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Disorders

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