$$\text{Glucose} + \text{oxygen} \rightarrow \text{carbon dioxide} + \text{water}$$

$$10 \times 9.46 + 20 \times 4.18 + 15 \times 4.32 = 94.6 + 83.6 + 64.8 = 243$$ \text{Cal}

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the process of catabolism?

Accepted Answer

It is the breakdown of organic substrates into smaller, simpler molecules, releasing energy used to synthesize ATP.

Question 2

During glycolysis, how many molecules of ATP are netted from the breakdown of one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of organic compounds in the body?

Accepted Answer

Increase basal metabolic rate

Question 4

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K is most likely to experience which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Impaired synthesis of blood clotting factors

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 	ext{oxygen} ightarrow 	ext{carbon dioxide} + 	ext{water}$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about lipid metabolism is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Beta-oxidation breaks fatty acids into 2-carbon fragments, generating acetyl-CoA and NADH.

Question 7

Which of the following is a consequence of excessive dietary intake of sodium, calories, and lipids?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of obesity, heart disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes

Question 8

Which process is responsible for the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors such as lactic acid, glycerol, and amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 9

Which of the following statements about basal metabolic rate (BMR) is correct?

Accepted Answer

BMR is the minimum resting energy expenditure of an awake and alert person, regulated by the thyroid gland.

Question 10

A person consumes 10 grams of fat, 20 grams of carbohydrates, and 15 grams of protein. Calculate the total energy intake in Calories (kcal).

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 9.46 + 20 	imes 4.18 + 15 	imes 4.32 = 94.6 + 83.6 + 64.8 = 243$$ 	ext{Cal}

Question 11

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT involved in heat transfer between the body and the environment?

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Question 12

Which of the following is a reason why protein catabolism is not the preferred method for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 13

Which vitamin is a structural component of the visual pigment retinal and its deficiency may cause night-blindness?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Question 14

Which of the following lipoproteins is considered 'good cholesterol' and helps remove cholesterol from tissues?

Accepted Answer

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

Question 15

Which process prepares an amino acid for breakdown in the TCA cycle by removing its amino group and hydrogen atom, generating ammonium ion?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 16

If a person’s daily caloric expenditure exceeds their dietary supply, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The body uses energy reserves and loses weight.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about water-soluble vitamins is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are rapidly exchanged between digestive tract fluid and blood, and excesses are excreted in urine.

Question 18

Which of the following is a mechanism for promoting heat gain in the body?

Accepted Answer

Shivering thermogenesis

Question 19

A 60-year-old patient asks about changes in nutritional needs with age. Which statement is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Caloric requirements decrease by 10% each decade after age 50.

Chapter 17: Nutrition and Metabolism – Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions