Q: If a patient has an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 120 ml and an end-systolic volume (ESV) of 50 ml, what is their stroke volume (SV)?

$$SV = 120 \text{ ml} - 50 \text{ ml} = 70 \text{ ml}$$

Q: A patient has a heart rate (HR) of 80 beats/min and a stroke volume (SV) of 60 ml/beat. What is their cardiac output (CO)?

$$CO = 80 \text{ beats/min} \times 60 \text{ ml/beat} = 4800 \text{ ml/min}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) produced by the heart?

Accepted Answer

ANP decreases sodium retention in the kidneys, lowering blood pressure.

Question 2

A patient presents with radiating chest pain to the left arm, shortness of breath, and nausea. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction (MI)

Question 3

During the cardiac cycle, which event is responsible for the S1 ('lub') heart sound?

Accepted Answer

Closure of the atrioventricular valves

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly calculates stroke volume (SV)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV$$

Question 5

If a patient has an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 120 ml and an end-systolic volume (ESV) of 50 ml, what is their stroke volume (SV)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = 120 	ext{ ml} - 50 	ext{ ml} = 70 	ext{ ml}$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the cardiac conduction system is correct?

Accepted Answer

The SA node is the normal pacemaker of the heart, generating sinus rhythm.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

The left ventricle pumps blood against greater resistance into the systemic circuit.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 9

A patient has a heart rate (HR) of 80 beats/min and a stroke volume (SV) of 60 ml/beat. What is their cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 80 	ext{ beats/min} 	imes 60 	ext{ ml/beat} = 4800 	ext{ ml/min}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the plateau phase in a contractile cardiac muscle cell action potential?

Accepted Answer

It is due to the slow opening of calcium ion channels and sustained influx of calcium ions.

Question 11

Which of the following is a consequence of increased afterload on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased force required to eject blood from the ventricles, potentially reducing stroke volume.

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches the heart valve with its location?

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an insulator for the heart’s electrical activity and provides structural support.

Question 14

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are both the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves closed, and ventricular volume remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric contraction phase

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and increased contractility

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the pulmonary circuit?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the ECG (electrocardiogram)?

Accepted Answer

The T wave represents ventricular repolarization.

Question 18

A patient’s ejection fraction is calculated as follows: stroke volume (SV) = 60 ml, end-diastolic volume (EDV) = 120 ml. What is the ejection fraction?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Ejection Fraction} = \frac{SV}{EDV} 	imes 100 = \frac{60}{120} 	imes 100 = 50\%$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a primary function of the pericardial fluid?

Accepted Answer

To reduce friction between the heart and the pericardial sac during heartbeats

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the AV node delay during the cardiac conduction pathway?

Accepted Answer

It allows time for the ventricles to fill with blood before they contract.

Chapter 17: The Cardiovascular System I – The Heart (Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards