Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

A patient presents with severe edema and a swollen abdomen but has very thin limbs. Laboratory tests reveal low plasma protein levels. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why women typically have lower hematocrit values than men?

Accepted Answer

Women experience periodic menstrual blood loss and have higher body fat, which is inversely proportional to hematocrit.

Question 3

A blood sample is allowed to clot and the remaining fluid is collected. This fluid is analyzed and found to lack fibrinogen. What is this fluid called?

Accepted Answer

Serum

Question 4

A patient with chronic anemia is found to have a deficiency in vitamin B12. Which process is most directly impaired by this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

DNA synthesis during erythropoiesis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates red blood cell production in response to hypoxia.

Question 6

A patient with sickle cell disease experiences severe pain during a crisis. What is the underlying cause of this pain?

Accepted Answer

Crystallization of abnormal hemoglobin (HbS) at low oxygen levels, causing RBCs to block small vessels

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 8

A patient with type B+ blood requires a transfusion. Which of the following donor blood types is compatible?

Accepted Answer

O+

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between agglutinogens and agglutinins?

Accepted Answer

Agglutinogens are antigens on RBCs; agglutinins are antibodies in plasma.

Question 10

A child is born to an Rh-negative mother and an Rh-positive father. The mother’s first pregnancy is uneventful, but her second Rh-positive child develops hemolytic disease of the newborn. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The mother’s anti-Rh antibodies crossed the placenta and destroyed fetal RBCs.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the breakdown of heme from old RBCs?

Accepted Answer

Heme → Biliverdin → Bilirubin → Urobilinogen

Question 12

A patient is diagnosed with hemophilia. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

A deficiency of specific clotting factors due to a faulty gene on the X chromosome

Question 13

Which of the following white blood cells is most numerous in a normal blood sample?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 14

A patient’s prothrombin time (PT) is significantly prolonged. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The patient will have an increased risk of excessive bleeding.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

The dissolution of a blood clot by the enzyme plasmin

Question 16

A patient with leukemia is found to have a high white blood cell count, but most of the cells are immature and nonfunctional. Which tissue is primarily affected in this disease?

Accepted Answer

Hemopoietic tissue (bone marrow)

Question 17

Which of the following vitamins is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the feedback mechanism involved in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback to rapidly seal damaged vessels

Question 19

A patient is found to have a thrombus in a deep vein of the leg. If a piece of this clot breaks off and travels to the lungs, what is it called?

Accepted Answer

Embolus

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why type O blood is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens, so it does not trigger agglutination in recipients.

Chapter 18: Blood – Comprehensive Study Guide

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