Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It prevents water from diffusing out of blood vessels.

Question 2

A patient presents with abnormally low hematocrit. Which of the following is most likely to be observed in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity and possible fatigue.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are biconcave discs that lack organelles and are specialized for oxygen transport.

Question 4

A blood smear is stained with eosin and methylene blue. Which of the following cell types would stain most intensely pink due to its cytoplasmic content?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are highly efficient at transporting oxygen?

Accepted Answer

They are biconcave, lack mitochondria, and are packed with hemoglobin.

Question 6

A patient with a parasitic infection is likely to have an increased number of which leukocyte, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils; attach to parasites and secrete enzymes to destroy them.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the differentiation of erythrocytes from stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Myeloid stem cell → proerythroblast → reticulocyte → erythrocyte

Question 8

A person with thrombocytopenia is at risk for which of the following clinical problems?

Accepted Answer

Diminished clot formation and increased bleeding from small vessels.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of lymphocytes in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They recognize and act against specific foreign antigens.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with leukemia originating from immature lymphocytes. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Lymphoblastic leukemia, which may be acute or chronic.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the blood plasma protein fibrinogen?

Accepted Answer

Participates in chemical reactions for blood clotting.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between serum and plasma?

Accepted Answer

Plasma contains clotting factors, while serum does not.

Question 13

A patient with sickle cell disease is likely to experience which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of capillaries leading to ischemia and pain.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why red marrow is more active in hematopoiesis than yellow marrow?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow contains immature erythrocytes and actively generates new blood cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of leukocyte abundance in normal blood, from most to least common?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

Question 16

A patient with a severe bacterial infection is likely to have an increased number of which leukocyte, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils; phagocytize and destroy bacteria.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

The squeezing of leukocytes through capillary walls into connective tissue.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes cannot divide?

Accepted Answer

They lack nuclei and organelles, which are necessary for cell division.

Question 19

A patient is found to have an abnormally high number of monocytes. Which of the following is the most likely function of these cells in the patient's body?

Accepted Answer

They transform into macrophages and phagocytize foreign cells and debris.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They are cell fragments that plug small tears in blood vessels and participate in clot formation.

Chapter 18: Blood – Structure, Function, and Formation

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