Q: If a patient has a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL, what is their cardiac output?

$CO = 80 \times 70 = 5600\ \text{mL/min}$

Question 1

Which structure is responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular systole?

Accepted Answer

Left atrioventricular (mitral) valve

Question 2

A drop of blood entering the heart through the superior vena cava will pass through which sequence of structures before reaching the aorta?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary semilunar valve → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium → Mitral valve → Left ventricle → Aortic semilunar valve → Aorta

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the atrioventricular valves from inverting during ventricular contraction.

Question 4

During the cardiac cycle, which event occurs immediately after ventricular depolarization as seen on an ECG?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular contraction (systole)

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$CO = HR 	imes SV$

Question 6

A patient presents with bradycardia. Which of the following best describes their heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate is abnormally low

Question 7

Which coronary artery supplies blood to the anterior wall of the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Left anterior descending artery

Question 8

If preload increases while afterload remains constant, what is the most likely effect on stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume increases

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a component of the heart's conduction system?

Accepted Answer

Coronary sulcus

Question 10

During ventricular systole, which heart sound is typically heard and what causes it?

Accepted Answer

S1, caused by closure of the atrioventricular valves

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow rapid electrical communication between cardiac cells.

Question 12

A patient has a blockage in the right posterior descending artery. Which area of the heart is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Posterior wall of the right ventricle

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the pericardium is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a double-layered sac that surrounds and protects the heart.

Question 14

Which event occurs during the plateau phase of a cardiac action potential?

Accepted Answer

Opening of calcium channels

Question 15

Which structure marks the boundary between the atria and ventricles on the external surface of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Coronary sulcus

Question 16

If a patient has a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL, what is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$CO = 80 	imes 70 = 5600\ 	ext{mL/min}$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes isovolumetric contraction in the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

The ventricle contracts while both the mitral and aortic valves are closed.

Question 18

Which vein collects blood from the myocardium and drains into the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Great cardiac vein

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely result in tachycardia?

Accepted Answer

Activation of the cardioregulatory center

Question 20

Which structure is a remnant of fetal circulation found in the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Fossa ovalis

Chapter 18: The Heart and Cardiovascular Function – Study Guide

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