Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing hormones

Question 2

A patient presents with severe edema in the abdomen (ascites) and easy bruising. Which underlying condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Cirrhosis leading to decreased plasma protein production

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining colloid osmotic pressure and drawing water into the blood by osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A blood sample is centrifuged and separates into three layers. What is the correct order of these layers from top to bottom?

Accepted Answer

Plasma, buffy coat, erythrocytes

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure of a mature erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

Anucleate, biconcave disc lacking most organelles

Question 6

Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs to form oxyhemoglobin. Which equation best represents this reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Hb} + \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{HbO}_2$$

Question 7

A patient with a hematocrit of 30% is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 8

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia and stimulates erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 9

During erythrocyte destruction, which protein transports iron ions back to the bone marrow for reuse?

Accepted Answer

Transferrin

Question 10

A patient with sickle-cell disease is at risk for which of the following complications due to abnormal hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocyte destruction in small blood vessels

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

A series of events that stops blood loss from an injured vessel

Question 12

Which pathway in the coagulation cascade is triggered by exposure of blood to collagen fibers?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic (Contact Activation) pathway

Question 13

A patient with hemophilia A is deficient in which clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Question 14

Which of the following blood types is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 15

A patient with type B- blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 16

Which white blood cell type is most abundant in a normal differential count?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Cell fragments involved in blood clotting

Question 18

A newborn develops hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Which scenario is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Rh-negative mother with an Rh-positive fetus

Question 19

Which of the following medications acts as an anticoagulant by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors?

Accepted Answer

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 20

A patient is found to have leukocytosis. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

An abnormally high white blood cell count due to infection or inflammation

Chapter 19: Blood – Structure, Function, and Disorders

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