Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between hematocrit, RBC volume, and total blood volume?

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{RBC Volume}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen and help transport carbon dioxide

Question 2

A patient living at high altitude develops polycythemia. Which physiological adaptation explains this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of red blood cells to compensate for lower oxygen availability

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A patient with hemophilia A is deficient in which clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of erythrocytes from erythrocyte colony-forming units under the influence of erythropoietin

Question 6

Which white blood cell type is most abundant and increases during bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 7

A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood but is type A. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

The patient’s antibodies will agglutinate the donor RBCs, leading to hemolysis

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the coagulation cascade by forming a platelet plug

Question 9

A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia would have an abnormal increase in which cell type?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal mature lymphocytes

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood is considered a universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens, so it is not attacked by recipient antibodies

Question 11

Which step in hemostasis involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation

Question 12

A patient with deep vein thrombosis is at risk for which life-threatening complication if a thrombus breaks free?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between hematocrit, RBC volume, and total blood volume?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{RBC Volume}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

EPO stimulates the differentiation of erythrocyte colony-forming units into proerythroblasts

Question 15

A patient with sickle cell anemia has a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. Which amino acid substitution is responsible for the sickling of RBCs?

Accepted Answer

Glutamic acid is replaced by valine

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why Rh-negative mothers are given Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) after delivering an Rh-positive baby?

Accepted Answer

To destroy fetal Rh-positive RBCs in the maternal circulation before the mother can mount an immune response

Question 17

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for fighting parasitic infections and is involved in allergy attacks?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 18

A patient is prescribed warfarin after developing a thrombus. What is the mechanism of action of warfarin?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between acute and chronic leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Acute leukemia involves a rapid increase in immature, nonfunctional blood cells, while chronic leukemia involves a slow accumulation of abnormal mature leukocytes

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation → Clot retraction → Thrombolysis

Chapter 19: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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