Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Myocardial ischemia is a partial obstruction causing angina pectoris, while myocardial infarction is a complete obstruction resulting in heart tissue death.

Question 2

A patient presents with chest pain due to partial obstruction of coronary blood flow. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Angina pectoris

Question 3

Which process is primarily responsible for the formation of plaques in the arterial wall during atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Lipid deposits in the tunica media combined with smooth muscle hyperplasia

Question 4

A patient undergoes balloon angioplasty to treat a blocked coronary artery. What is a major drawback of this procedure?

Accepted Answer

Plaques often regrow after the procedure

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for blocked arteries as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Injection of smooth muscle cells to dissolve plaques

Question 6

Left ventricular hypertrophy occurs as a compensatory mechanism when an artery is blocked. What is the primary risk associated with this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells enlarge but do not regenerate well, leading to eventual heart failure

Question 7

Which statement best explains why cardiac muscle cannot undergo tetany?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle has a longer action potential and contraction time, preventing re-stimulation during the refractory period

Question 8

If the heart were to experience tetany, what would be the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The heart would stop pumping, resulting in death

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

CO = HR 	imes SV

Question 10

A patient has a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL per beat. What is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

5,600 mL/min

Question 11

During the cardiac cycle, what event marks the beginning of the cycle?

Accepted Answer

Atrial systole

Question 12

Which of the following best describes End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)?

Accepted Answer

The amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of atrial systole, just before ventricular contraction

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding End-Systolic Volume (ESV)?

Accepted Answer

ESV is the amount of blood remaining in each ventricle after systole

Question 14

A patient has an End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) of 120 mL and an End-Systolic Volume (ESV) of 50 mL. What is their stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

SV = EDV - ESV = 70 mL

Question 15

Which of the following is a major difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle has a longer action potential and contraction time, preventing tetany.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes arteriosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Hardening or thickening of arterial walls

Question 17

A patient with atherosclerosis is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Restricted blood flow due to plaque formation

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of damage to the endothelium in arteries?

Accepted Answer

Formation of lipid deposits and plaques

Question 19

Which scenario best illustrates the application of cardiac output calculation in a clinical setting?

Accepted Answer

A physician calculates cardiac output using heart rate and stroke volume to assess heart function after a myocardial infarction.

Chapter 19: The Heart – Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards