Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a physical and a chemical change in matter?

Accepted Answer

A chemical change alters the basic nature of a substance, while a physical change does not.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about energy is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is stored energy.

Question 3

An atom of sodium (Na) has 11 protons and 11 electrons. If it loses one electron, what is the resulting ion called?

Accepted Answer

A cation with a charge of $$+1$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the 'universal solvent'?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 5. Compared to a solution with a pH of 7, how much greater is the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[H^+]) in $$the pH 5 solution?

Accepted Answer

It is 100 times greater.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 7

Which property of water helps prevent sudden changes in body temperature?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 8

Which of the following statements about ionic bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids contain only single covalent bonds and are solid at room temperature.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides chemical energy by breaking high-energy phosphate bonds.

Question 11

A patient is given a radioisotope to trace a biological molecule through their body. Which property of the radioisotope makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

It undergoes spontaneous atomic decay, emitting detectable radiation.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$NaOH + HCl \rightarrow H_2O + NaCl$$

Question 13

Which structural level of proteins is characterized by a compact, ball-like (globular) structure?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 14

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the rule of eights in atomic structure?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are stable when their outermost shell contains 8 electrons, except for shell 1, which is stable with 2 electrons.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A compound is formed by two or more atoms of different elements, while a molecule can be formed by atoms of the same element.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of globular (functional) proteins?

Accepted Answer

They can be denatured and lose their physiological roles.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis joins monomers to form polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They form cell membranes due to their hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 20

A patient has a blood pH of 7.2. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The blood is acidic, with more $$H^+$$ than $$OH^-.$$

Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry – Matter, Energy, and Biochemistry

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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