Question 1

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom with a different number of neutrons than other atoms of the same element

Question 2

Which of the following is a medical use of isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Using $$^{131}I to $$treat hyperthyroidism

Question 3

Which of the following elements is NOT considered a major element of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond is the strongest?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 5

Given the molecule $$NaCl$$, what type of bond holds the atoms together?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of an enzyme in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

It lowers the activation energy, speeding up the reaction

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2O$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Serves as a solvent for chemical reactions

Question 9

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic

Question 10

Which of the following body fluids has the lowest pH under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

Gastric juice

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a buffer system in the blood?

Accepted Answer

It maintains blood pH by converting strong acids and bases into weak ones

Question 12

Which is the primary buffer system controlling blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffer system

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an ion?

Accepted Answer

An atom or molecule with a net electrical charge due to loss or gain of electrons

Question 14

Which of the following reactions is an example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 15

A patient is given a solution with a pH of 8. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is basic

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the valence number of an atom?

Accepted Answer

The number of electrons in the outermost shell

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about electrolytes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are compounds that conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 20

A patient with metabolic acidosis has a blood pH of 7.1. Which buffer system will primarily act to restore normal pH?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffer system

Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry – Study Guide (Sections 2.1–2.4)

Study Guide - Practice Questions