Question 1

Which of the following best differentiates matter from energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Matter has mass and occupies space, while energy is the capacity to do work and does not have mass.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of chemical energy being used in the human body?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction

Question 3

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body's mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 4

Which subatomic particle determines the chemical behavior of an atom and where is it located?

Accepted Answer

Electron; located in orbitals surrounding the nucleus

Question 5

A radioisotope is used in a PET scan to detect cancerous tissues. What property of radioisotopes makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

They emit radiation that can be detected by imaging equipment.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the relationship between molecules and compounds?

Accepted Answer

All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for the unique properties of water, such as its high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 8

Which of the following reactions represents a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 9

Which of the following is an inorganic compound essential for maintaining body homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 10

Which of the following ions is most important for nerve impulse transmission in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+)$$

Question 11

A solution has a pH of 7.4. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is slightly basic and matches the normal pH of human blood.

Question 12

Which process is responsible for breaking down a disaccharide into two monosaccharides in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 13

Which of the following best compares carbohydrates and lipids in terms of their primary functions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are mainly used for quick energy, while lipids are primarily used for long-term energy storage.

Question 14

Which of the following statements best distinguishes fibrous proteins from globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous proteins provide structural support, while globular proteins are functional and act as enzymes or hormones.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Question 16

Which of the following statements correctly compares DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and is double-stranded, while RNA contains ribose and is single-stranded.

Question 17

Why is ATP considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

It directly powers cellular work by transferring a phosphate group to other molecules.

Question 18

A patient is given a solution containing $$NaCl$$ intravenously. Which of the following best describes $$NaCl in $$this context?

Accepted Answer

A salt that dissociates into ions essential for nerve and muscle function.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$$

Question 20

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 5$$

Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry – Study Notes for ANP College Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions