$$ \text{Osmosis:} \quad H_2O_{(high)} \rightarrow H_2O_{(low)} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides a selectively permeable barrier between the intracellular and extracellular environments.

Question 2

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a defect in which organelle, and what is the primary function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes; digesting unwanted substances

Question 3

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the significance of this event?

Accepted Answer

S phase; ensures daughter cells receive identical genetic material

Question 5

A muscle cell is observed to have a high number of mitochondria. What does this indicate about the cell’s function?

Accepted Answer

It requires large amounts of energy for contraction.

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs, and what is its structural feature?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum; branching tubules without ribosomes

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Osmosis:} \quad H_2O_{(high)} ightarrow H_2O_{(low)} $$

Question 8

A neuron has long processes extending from its cell body. How does this structural feature relate to its function?

Accepted Answer

It enables the neuron to transmit signals over long distances.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of ribosome subunit assembly.

Question 10

If a cell is observed to have an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum, what is its likely function?

Accepted Answer

Production of proteins for secretion or membrane renewal

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal element is most responsible for resisting pulling forces on the cell and providing structural stability?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 12

What is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Sorting and packaging proteins for delivery to their destinations

Question 14

A cell releases insulin into the bloodstream. Which process is responsible for this release?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following statements about chromatin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin consists of DNA and histone proteins organized into nucleosomes.

Question 16

Which equation best represents the production of ATP in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$ C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP $$

Question 17

Which of the following cell types is specialized for storing nutrients, and what structural feature supports this function?

Accepted Answer

Fat cell; large fat droplet in cytoplasm

Question 18

Which organelle is most abundant in liver and kidney cells due to its role in neutralizing toxins?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisomes

Question 19

Which of the following mechanisms allows low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to enter cells?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a large number of microfilaments. What is the likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Generating contractile forces

Chapter 2: Cells – The Living Units (Human Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions