Molecular weight $$= \sum (\text{number of atoms} \times \text{atomic mass})$$

$$\text{Disaccharide} + H_2O \rightarrow \text{Monosaccharide}_1 + \text{Monosaccharide}_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between atomic number and atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, while atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a radioactive isotope of iodine. Which property of isotopes makes them useful in medical imaging?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have identical chemical properties but different masses, allowing them to be traced in the body.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of molecular weight for a compound?

Accepted Answer

Molecular weight $$= \sum (	ext{number of atoms} 	imes 	ext{atomic mass})$$

Question 4

Which electrons are involved in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons in the outermost shell

Question 5

A water molecule is considered polar because:

Accepted Answer

Oxygen attracts electrons more strongly, creating partial charges.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a buffer’s function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 7

If the pH of a solution changes from 7 to 4, how does the concentration of hydrogen ions change?

Accepted Answer

It increases by a factor of $$10^3.$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that forms polymers from monomers by removing water.

Question 9

Which functional group is represented by the molecular formula $$-COOH$$ and is important in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Disaccharide} + H_2O ightarrow 	ext{Monosaccharide}_1 + 	ext{Monosaccharide}_2$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a property of water that is significant for human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat capacity, helping regulate body temperature.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 14

Which equation best represents the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{energy} ightarrow 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 15

A patient with a genetic mutation has a protein that folds incorrectly. Which level of protein structure is most directly affected by denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine pairs with cytosine

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of an exchange reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid: $$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are the main component of cell membranes.

Chapter 2: Chemical Organization – Guided Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions