Q: A solution contains 5 g of glucose dissolved in 100 mL of water. What is the percentage concentration of glucose in this solution?

$$\frac{5}{100} \times 100 = 5\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between a radioisotope and a stable isotope?

Accepted Answer

Radioisotopes have unstable nuclei that decay over time, emitting radiation, whereas stable isotopes do not undergo radioactive decay.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a radioisotope with a half-life of 6 hours. If the initial dose is 100 mg, how much of the radioisotope remains after 18 hours?

Accepted Answer

12.5 mg

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na) forms a cation when it reacts with chlorine (Cl) to form sodium chloride (NaCl)?

Accepted Answer

Sodium loses an electron, becoming positively charged, to achieve the octet rule.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Low surface tension

Question 5

A solution contains 5 g of glucose dissolved in 100 mL of water. What is the percentage concentration of glucose in this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{5}{100} 	imes 100 = 5\%$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes an amphipathic molecule?

Accepted Answer

It contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 7

Which of the following chemical reactions is an example of catabolism?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of proteins into amino acids.

Question 8

A chemical reaction in the body releases energy and forms simpler molecules from complex ones. Which type of reaction is this, and what is its energy flow?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism; exergonic

Question 9

Which of the following ions is most important for nerve impulse transmission in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^{+}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of a buffer in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 11

A patient’s blood pH is measured at 7.1. Which condition does this indicate, and what is the normal blood pH range?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis; normal range is 7.35–7.45

Question 12

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Redness and swelling

Question 13

Which therapeutic effect of aspirin is most directly related to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Antipyretic (fever reduction)

Question 14

Which of the following is a monosaccharide found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 15

Which chemical reaction is responsible for breaking down polysaccharides into monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 16

Which of the following lipids is primarily responsible for forming cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 17

Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 18

Which factor can cause protein denaturation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Extreme pH

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the primary energy currency for cellular processes.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly distinguishes DNA from RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Comprehensive Study Notes

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