Question 1

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 2

A patient is suffering from dehydration. Which property of salts makes them useful in intravenous solutions to restore electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

Salts dissociate into ions in water, allowing them to conduct electrical currents

Question 3

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for the structure of DNA's double helix?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 4. How many times more acidic is it than a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

$10^3$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds, causing kinks that prevent tight packing

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist abrupt changes in pH by binding or releasing hydrogen ions

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy by breaking a phosphate bond and forming ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Question 9

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the primary structure of a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly altered?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with unique shapes that fit only specific substrates

Question 11

Which of the following molecules is classified as an organic compound?

Accepted Answer

C6H12O6 (glucose)

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$C_nH_{2n}O_n$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is the starting material for synthesis of vitamin D and steroid hormones

Question 14

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are important in cell membrane structure due to their amphipathic nature

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

Each pH unit represents a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It forms polymers from monomers by removing a water molecule

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nitrogenous base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of protein denaturation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The protein loses its functional 3-D shape and active sites are deactivated

Question 19

Which of the following is a role of prostaglandins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They play a role in blood clotting, inflammation, and labor contractions

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why cells need ATP even though glucose is energy-rich?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides immediate, usable energy for cellular work, while glucose must be processed first

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions