Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

Compounds involve chemical bonding between components, while mixtures do not.

Question 2

Which element is the most abundant by mass in the human body and is essential for the production of cellular energy (ATP)?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 3

A solution has a pH of 5. How many times more acidic is it compared to a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

100 times

Question 4

Which of the following is a property of water that helps maintain homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

High heat of vaporization

Question 5

What type of chemical bond is formed by the sharing of two or more valence shell electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions without being chemically changed or becoming part of the product.

Question 7

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps due to an electrolyte imbalance. Which ion is most likely involved, given its role as the major positive ion (cation) in cells?

Accepted Answer

Potassium (K^{+})

Question 8

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP directly powers chemical reactions in cells by releasing energy when its phosphate bonds are broken.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of prostaglandins, a type of eicosanoid derived from arachidonic acid?

Accepted Answer

Regulating inflammation and blood pressure

Question 10

Which process describes the breakdown of polymers into monomers by the addition of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 11

A protein loses its functional 3-D shape due to high temperature. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is a double-stranded helical molecule located in the nucleus.

Question 13

Which type of chemical reaction is represented by the equation $A + B \rightarrow AB$?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis reaction

Question 14

Which property of water allows it to dissolve and dissociate ionic substances, making it the body's major transport medium?

Accepted Answer

Polar solvent properties

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a buffer in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A system that resists changes in pH by binding or releasing hydrogen ions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature.

Question 17

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing particle size

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of globular proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes, antibodies, and hormones

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are formed by the hydrolysis of polymers.

Question 20

Which of the following is a trace element required for enzyme activation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards