Q: Which of the following is a correct representation of Avogadro’s number, and what does it signify?

$$6.02 \times 10$$^{23}$$, the number of molecules in one mole of a substance

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

Compounds involve chemical bonding between components, while mixtures do not.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution containing 0.9% NaCl. Which type of mixture is this solution, and why?

Accepted Answer

It is a solution because the solute particles are evenly distributed and do not settle out.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Question 4

A radioactive isotope is used in a PET scan to detect cancer. Which property of radioisotopes makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

They emit energy as they decay, which can be detected by scanners.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water (H$$_2O) is a $$polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative, creating a partial negative charge on the oxygen and a partial positive charge on the hydrogens.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy.

Question 7

A sodium atom (Na) reacts with a chlorine atom (Cl) to form sodium chloride (NaCl). What type of bond is formed, and what happens to the electrons?

Accepted Answer

An ionic bond is formed by the transfer of an electron from sodium to chlorine.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the octet rule and its significance in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their outermost shell, leading them to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve this configuration.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct representation of Avogadro’s number, and what does it signify?

Accepted Answer

$$6.02 	imes 10$$^{23}$$, the number of molecules in one mole of a substance

Question 10

A solution is prepared by dissolving 180.12 grams of glucose (C$$_6H$_{12}O$_6) in $$enough water to make 1 liter. What is the molarity (M) of this solution?

Accepted Answer

1 M

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why blood is considered a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Blood contains large, visible particles (cells) that settle out if left undisturbed.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of a hydrogen bond’s importance in physiology?

Accepted Answer

The high surface tension of water, allowing insects to walk on water.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which atoms or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex molecule.

Question 14

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Adding a catalyst such as an enzyme.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the body?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in chemical bonds, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which one atom gains electrons (is reduced) and another loses electrons (is oxidized).

Question 17

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four major elements that make up 96% of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 18

A molecule of oxygen gas (O$$_2) is $$held together by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent double bond

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why noble gases such as helium and neon are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

They have a full complement of electrons in their outermost shell.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is broken down to release glucose molecules.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Study Notes for Human Anatomy & Physiology

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