Q: Which equation represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy for cellular work?

$$ATP + H_2O \rightarrow ADP + P_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the context of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in chemical bonds of ATP before contraction, and kinetic energy is released as muscles contract and move.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to X-rays during a diagnostic procedure. Which form of energy is primarily involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Radiant or electromagnetic energy

Question 3

Which subatomic particles determine the atomic mass of an element?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons

Question 4

Given the atomic symbol $$_{6}^{14}C$$, what is the number of neutrons in this isotope of carbon?

Accepted Answer

$$8 ($$since $$14 - 6 = 8)$$

Question 5

Which of the following elements is most likely to be chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

Neon

Question 6

A sodium atom ($$Na) $$loses one electron to become a sodium ion ($$Na^+). $$What type of ion is formed and what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

Cation, positive charge

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, so it can surround and dissociate both cations and anions.

Question 8

Which type of chemical bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 9

A molecule of $$CO_2 is $$described as linear and symmetrical. What type of covalent bond does it possess?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 10

Which property of water is most important for regulating body temperature during sweating?

Accepted Answer

High heat of vaporization

Question 11

A buffer system in blood involves the following reaction: $$H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons $$HCO_3$$^- + H^+. $$What is the role of this buffer when blood pH drops?

Accepted Answer

It binds $$H^+$$ ions to form $$H_2CO_3$$, reducing acidity.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of triglycerides in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 13

Which type of fatty acid contains one or more double bonds and is typically liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acid

Question 14

What is the primary structural difference between phospholipids and triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids contain a phosphate group replacing one fatty acid chain.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of prostaglandins (a type of eicosanoid) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Controlling blood pressure and inflammation

Question 16

Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 17

Denaturation of a protein can be caused by which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Decreased pH and increased temperature

Question 18

Which of the following is a monomer of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 20

Which equation represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy for cellular work?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP + H_2O ightarrow ADP + P_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Chapter 2: Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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