Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an element, a compound, and a molecule?

Accepted Answer

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical reactions, a compound is made of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio, and a molecule is two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main elements that make up 96% of living matter?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur

Question 3

What subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating partial charges on the molecule.

Question 5

What happens to ionic compounds like NaCl when placed in water?

Accepted Answer

They dissociate into their respective ions due to water's partial charges.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond is the strongest within the human body?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a higher concentration of $$H^+$$ ions than $$OH^-$$ ions.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to form bonds to have eight electrons in their valence shell.

Question 9

Which of the following is a trace element required by the human body?

Accepted Answer

Iron (Fe)

Question 10

What is the main function of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

To minimize changes in $$H^+$$ and $$OH^-$$ concentrations and maintain a stable pH.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in another molecule.

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ \rightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why oil does not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Oil is nonpolar and hydrophobic, while water is polar.

Question 15

A molecule of glucose has the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$. Which class of macromolecule does it belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for life?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and release heat slowly.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation is a positively charged ion, while an anion is a negatively charged ion.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about chemical equilibrium is correct?

Accepted Answer

At equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule.

Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards