Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 2

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ \ \mathrm{mol/L}. $$What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = 5$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of a protein into amino acids.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain a stable pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a functional group and a representative molecule?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group — fatty acid

Question 6

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 8

Which of the following is a polysaccharide and its primary function in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; energy storage

Question 9

A patient is given a solution with a pH of 3. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why electrolytes are important in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

They conduct electrical signals necessary for nerve and muscle function.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.

Question 14

Which of the following factors would most likely decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

Adding a competitive inhibitor.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structure of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide with three phosphate groups attached to a ribose sugar and adenine base.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an isomer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and fructose, which have the same molecular formula but different structures.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic molecules are polar and interact with water, while hydrophobic molecules are non-polar and do not interact with water.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of cholesterol in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes cell membranes and serves as a precursor for steroid hormones.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The DNA double helix unwinds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.

Chapter 2 Exam Review Guidance: General, Organic, and Biochemistry

Study Guide - Practice Questions