Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution where water moves into the cell by osmosis. Which of the following best explains this process?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration across the membrane.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis and packaging of secretions, as well as the modification of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does chromosome replication and DNA synthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of integral proteins in the plasma membrane. Which cellular function would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of molecules through membrane channels

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the cytosol compared to the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol contains a higher concentration of potassium ions and a net negative charge.

Question 7

Which process involves the movement of solid particles, such as bacteria, into the cell via vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 8

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions out of the cell against their concentration gradient. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this process?

Accepted Answer

Energy is required: $$\Delta G \u003e 0$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

They convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxidants using catalase.

Question 10

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits ATP production. Which transport process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane's glycocalyx coating?

Accepted Answer

Serves as a receptor for cell signaling

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has attached ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids and detoxifies toxins.

Question 13

Which of the following cell junctions allows direct communication between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 14

During mitosis, paired chromatids line up in the middle of the nuclear region. Which phase is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion of glucose across the plasma membrane is considered a passive process?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is transported by carrier proteins down its concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about the composition of the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads are at the surfaces, while hydrophobic tails face toward each other.

Question 17

A scientist observes a cell with abundant thick filaments composed of myosin. Which function is most likely enhanced in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Molecules bind to specific ligands on the cell membrane before being internalized.

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the rate of facilitated diffusion, considering the number of carrier proteins ($$n$$), solute concentration ($$[S]$$), and temperature ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

Rate $$= n \cdot [S] \cdot T$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Defense against disease and removal of organic debris

Chapter 2: Foundations – The Cell (Cellular Structure and Function)

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