Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of protons in determining the chemical identity of an element?

Accepted Answer

Protons determine the atomic number and thus the chemical identity of an element.

Question 2

A patient presents with metabolic acidosis. Which of the following best explains the effect of pH on enzyme activity in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity decreases as pH moves away from the enzyme's optimal range.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct statement about ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a basic building block of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 5

A biochemist is studying the effect of temperature on enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Which equation best describes the relationship between reaction rate and temperature?

Accepted Answer

$k = Ae^{-\frac{E_a}{RT}}$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 7

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a malfunctioning sodium-potassium pump. What is the primary function of this pump?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the resting membrane potential by moving $3$ Na$^+$ out and $2$ K$^+$ in per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 8

Which of the following is a factor that can affect the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Concentration of reactants

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They serve as the main source of energy for cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of a double helix structure with complementary base pairing.

Question 12

Which of the following elements is most abundant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions without being permanently changed.

Question 14

A student mixes hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). What type of chemical reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization reaction

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA is typically single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides the energy required for myosin heads to detach from actin filaments.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating pH?

Accepted Answer

$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$

Question 18

A patient with a fever has an increased rate of biochemical reactions. Which factor is most responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Increased temperature increases kinetic energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of lipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Lipids store energy and form the structural components of cell membranes.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.

Chapter 2 Study Guide: Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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