Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for growth

Question 2

A patient presents with hypoxia. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin; stimulates red blood cell production

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting hydrophobic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

If a blood sample contains 45% formed elements and 55% plasma, what is the hematocrit value?

Accepted Answer

$45\%$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They rely on glycolysis for energy and do not consume the oxygen they carry

Question 6

A patient has a plasma protein deficiency, leading to excessive fluid loss from blood vessels. Which protein is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 7

Which leukocyte is most abundant and is typically the first to arrive at an injury site?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of fibrinogen in blood?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to fibrin during clotting to form insoluble strands

Question 9

A patient with an abnormally high leukocyte count is most likely experiencing which condition?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to different parts of hemoglobin and do not compete for binding

Question 11

Which leukocyte releases histamine and heparin, increasing blood flow to injury sites?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the mnemonic 'Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas' representing leukocyte abundance?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

Question 13

Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 14

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin B12 is most likely to have problems with which process?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoiesis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are biconcave in shape?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for gas exchange

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about platelets?

Accepted Answer

They are derived from megakaryocytes and are essential for blood clotting

Question 17

Which plasma protein group is primarily responsible for immune function?

Accepted Answer

Globulins

Question 18

If a person has a total blood volume of $5\,L$ and their plasma makes up $55\%$ of this volume, how much plasma do they have?

Accepted Answer

$2.75\,L$

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of monocytes after they migrate into tissues?

Accepted Answer

They differentiate into macrophages and help form scar tissue

Question 20

Which process allows leukocytes to exit the bloodstream and move toward sites of infection or injury?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis

Chapter 2: The Cardiovascular System – Blood (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions