Question 1

Which statement best describes the principle of cell theory as it applies to human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Cells are produced by the division of pre-existing cells and are the smallest units that perform all vital functions.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasmalemma (cell membrane)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of macromolecules

Question 3

A scientist wants to observe the surface features of a cell in high detail. Which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscopy

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 5

What is the main difference between sex cells and somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Sex cells are involved in reproduction, while somatic cells make up all other body tissues.

Question 6

Which of the following processes requires energy input from the cell and moves ions against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

A cell is observed to have many peroxisomes. What is a likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of toxins and breakdown of fats

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of cellular materials

Question 9

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

Which of the following cell junctions allows for direct communication between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Communicating junctions

Question 11

A mutation disrupts the function of the nuclear pores in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of mRNA out of the nucleus

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

If a cell's cytosol has a high concentration of potassium ions and an overall negative charge, what is the term for the electrical difference across its membrane?

Accepted Answer

Transmembrane potential

Question 14

Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle involved in cell division?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 15

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles by the cell membrane to form a vesicle?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Which structure is composed of DNA wrapped around histone proteins?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome

Question 17

A cell is observed to have an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is its likely function?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 18

Which of the following equations best represents the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 19

If a cell is exposed to a toxin that disrupts microtubule formation, which cellular process would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell division and movement of organelles

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the terminal web in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support for microvilli.

Chapter 2: The Cell – Structure and Function in Human Anatomy

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