Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why sodium (Na) forms a cation and chlorine (Cl) forms an anion when they react to form NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Sodium has one electron in its outer shell and wants to lose it, while chlorine has seven electrons in its outer shell and wants to gain one.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism involves synthesis reactions that require energy, while catabolism involves decomposition reactions that release energy.

Question 3

A patient is experiencing acidosis. Which of the following buffer reactions would help stabilize their blood pH?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H}^+ + \mathrm{HCO}_3^- \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3 \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 5 has ten times more $$\mathrm{H}^+$$ ions than a solution with pH 6.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, lowering the activation energy and increasing the rate of reactions.

Question 6

Which of the following is a real-life example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in water ($$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}).$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the energy currency of cells, with each cell using approximately 2,000,000 ATP molecules per second at rest.

Question 8

A solution contains 0.5 moles of glucose and 0.5 moles of sodium chloride dissolved in 1 liter of water. What is the osmolality of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$1.5\ \mathrm{Osm/L}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Provides structure to cell membranes.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no carbon-carbon double bonds and are hydrogenated, while unsaturated fatty acids have at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – Nucleotide

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another, involving oxidation and reduction.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double-stranded molecule found in the nucleus, with A pairing with T and C pairing with G.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Structure, transport, protection, regulation, contraction, and energy.

Question 15

Which of the following would most likely cause a protein to denature?

Accepted Answer

An increase in temperature or a change in pH.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of ATP to ADP and phosphate, releasing energy.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism is the sum of anabolism and catabolism.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the composition of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a 5-carbon monosaccharide, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na}^+ + \mathrm{Cl}^- \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}$$

Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life – Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards