Question 1

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical reactivity of an atom, and where is it located?

Accepted Answer

Electron; located in the electron cloud

Question 2

A sodium atom (Na) loses one electron to become a sodium ion (Na⁺). What type of chemical bond does it form with a chloride ion (Cl⁻), and what is the main force holding the compound together?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond; electrostatic attraction between opposite charges

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges

Question 4

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $1 	imes 10^{-4}$ moles per liter. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$pH = 4$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and are not changed by the reaction

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$AB \rightarrow A + B$

Question 7

Which property of water allows it to dissolve ionic compounds such as NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule

Question 8

A patient’s blood pH drops to 7.20. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis; blood is too acidic

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of a phospholipid’s structure and its role in cells?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails; they are major components of plasma membranes

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of triglycerides in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have straight chains that pack tightly; unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds that create bends, preventing tight packing

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA consists of two complementary strands held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen; inorganic compounds do not necessarily contain both

Question 15

A dehydration synthesis reaction between two monosaccharides results in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a disaccharide and release of a water molecule

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of electrolytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are inorganic ions that conduct electricity in solution

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about enzyme specificity?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes only catalyze one type of reaction due to their specific active site

Question 18

A molecule of glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) and a molecule of fructose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) combine to form sucrose ($C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}$) and water ($H_2O$). What type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization – Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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