Question 1

Which of the following best explains why bones are strong, according to the chemical level of organization in human anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Bones are strong because they are composed of minerals and the protein collagen.

Question 2

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 3

An atom of carbon has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 4

Which element makes up the largest percentage of the human body's mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 6

Which type of mixture is best described as a liquid mixed with a solid where large solid particles are visible and will settle out of the mixture?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 7

What is the main difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consists of atoms of the same element, while a compound consists of atoms of different elements.

Question 8

Which rule states that atoms are most stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell?

Accepted Answer

Octet Rule

Question 9

What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred between a metal atom and a nonmetal atom?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared equally between atoms of the same element or between carbon and hydrogen.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are weak attractions between partially positive and partially negative atoms in polar covalent molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world application of radioisotopes in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Radioisotopes are used in cancer radiation therapy to damage and kill cancer cells.

Question 13

If a solution has a pH of 4, what is its hydrogen ion concentration compared to a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

It is 1000 times higher.

Question 14

Which of the following is a buffer system in the human body that helps maintain blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and speed up chemical reactions.

Question 16

Which type of chemical reaction involves the breakdown of larger substances into smaller ones and is generally exergonic?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reaction

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the structure of water and its behavior as a solvent?

Accepted Answer

Water dissolves hydrophilic solutes that have partially charged ends.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Octet Rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of solutions compared to suspensions and colloids?

Accepted Answer

Solutions are translucent and the solute is dissolved in the solvent.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a dipole in a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with partially positive and partially negative ends due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions