Question 1

Which of the following best explains why bones are strong, according to the chemical level of organization in human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Bones are strong because they are composed of minerals and the protein collagen.

Question 2

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 3

A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

12

Question 4

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body's mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 5

What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element chemically bonded, while a compound consists of atoms of different elements chemically bonded.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 7

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the second electron shell of an atom?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on the molecule.

Question 9

Which property of water allows it to act as a lubricant between two adjacent surfaces in the body?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to reduce friction due to its polarity and hydrogen bonding

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the dissociation of water into hydrogen and hydroxide ions?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2O \rightarrow H^+ + OH^-$$

Question 11

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a buffer system in the body?

Accepted Answer

A buffer system resists changes in pH when acid or base is added.

Question 13

Which of the following is a major buffer system in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system

Question 14

Which type of lipid is amphiphilic and forms the main structural component of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It links two monomers by removing a molecule of water.

Question 16

Which level of protein structure is stabilized primarily by hydrogen bonds and includes alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 17

What is the main function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

Main source of chemical energy driving cellular processes

Question 18

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are highly specific for individual substrates and reactions.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 20

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a deficiency of which enzyme, leading to accumulation of gangliosides around brain cells?

Accepted Answer

Hexosaminidase

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions