$$ \text{AB} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{A} + \text{B} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of an atom?

Accepted Answer

A nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbitals

Question 2

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between sodium and chloride in table salt

Question 4

A potassium ion (K$$^+) is an $$example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A cation

Question 5

Which statement best describes the distribution of sodium (Na$$^+) $$and potassium (K$$^+) $$ions in a typical human cell?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+ is $$higher outside the cell, K$$^+ is $$higher inside the cell

Question 6

Which of the following reactions is exergonic?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis to ADP and phosphate

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down glycogen into glucose molecules

Question 8

Which equation represents a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{AB} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{A} + 	ext{B} $$

Question 9

Which factor would increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing temperature

Question 10

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Lowering the activation energy of reactions

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions where the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next

Question 12

Which property of water makes it an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a colloid?

Accepted Answer

Milk

Question 14

Which of the following is an electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

NaCl dissolved in water

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a hydrophobic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that does not dissolve in water

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of an acid?

Accepted Answer

Releases H$$^+$$ ions in solution

Question 17

If a solution has a pH of 4, what is the concentration of H$$^+$$ ions compared to a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

1,000 times higher

Question 18

What is the main function of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a stable pH

Question 19

Which of the following best describes denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Loss of protein structure and function due to environmental changes

Question 20

What is the primary role of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

To store and release energy for cellular processes

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions