Question 1

Which of the following best explains why bones are strong, according to the chemical level of organization in human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Bones are strong because they are composed of minerals and the protein collagen.

Question 2

Which statement correctly defines an element?

Accepted Answer

An element is a substance composed of one or more identical atoms that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

Question 3

A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 6, Mass number: 12

Question 4

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body's mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O)

Question 5

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

Which type of mixture is described as a liquid mixed with a solid where large solid particles are visible and will settle out?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 7

What is the main difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms of the same element are chemically bonded, while a compound is formed when two or more atoms of different elements are chemically bonded.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Question 9

What type of chemical bond is formed when electrons are transferred between a metal and a nonmetal atom?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 10

Which of the following molecules is most likely to have nonpolar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

A molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 11

Which property of water allows it to absorb heat without changing significantly in temperature?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 12

What is the formula for calculating pH from hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log[H^+]$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a buffer system in the human body that helps maintain blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system

Question 14

Which type of chemical reaction is generally exergonic and involves breaking down larger substances into smaller ones?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reaction

Question 15

What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to proceed.

Question 16

Which of the following is a monomer of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 17

Which level of protein structure is stabilized primarily by hydrogen bonds and includes alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 18

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose and the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis links two monomers by removing a molecule of water.

Question 20

Which lipid is amphiphilic and a main structural component of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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