Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of an atom?

Accepted Answer

An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells.

Question 2

Given a carbon atom with atomic number 6 and mass number 14, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major elements that make up most of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 4

What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consists of two or more atoms chemically bonded together, while a compound consists of two or more atoms from different elements bonded together.

Question 5

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 7

A solution is made by dissolving 40g of salt in 60g of water. What is the concentration of salt in the solution as a percentage?

Accepted Answer

40%

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their outermost shell.

Question 9

Which of the following molecules is most likely to be non-polar?

Accepted Answer

H$$_2$$

Question 10

Why is polarity important for molecules in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Polarity affects how molecules are moved and transported across membranes and around the body.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between polar covalent compounds.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a reversible reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 13

Which factor does NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the temperature

Question 14

What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes reduce the activation energy and increase the reaction rate.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct definition of a base?

Accepted Answer

A base is a proton acceptor.

Question 16

If the pH of a solution changes from 7 to 5, by what factor does the hydrogen ion concentration change?

Accepted Answer

It increases by a factor of 100.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a buffer in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A buffer resists changes in pH to help maintain homeostasis.

Question 18

Which statement about organic and inorganic compounds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds are broadly defined as compounds containing carbon bonded to hydrogen.

Question 19

Which property of water is most important for regulating body temperature?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which electrons are exchanged between reactants.

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards