Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the pulmonary circuit in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

It pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 2

A patient has a blockage in the left coronary artery. Which region of the heart is most likely to be deprived of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium, left ventricle, and interventricular septum

Question 3

During ventricular systole, which heart valves are closed?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 4

Which structure prevents the direct spread of action potentials from the atria to the ventricles?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac skeleton

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with pericarditis. Which of the following best describes the affected structure?

Accepted Answer

The protective sac surrounding the heart

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the left ventricle compared to the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

The left ventricle has thicker muscular walls to generate higher pressure.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 8

A patient has an ejection fraction (EF) of 35%. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Heart failure

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the heart can continue beating even if all nervous connections are severed?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle exhibits autorhythmicity.

Question 10

During the cardiac cycle, what is the maximum volume in the ventricle at the end of diastole called?

Accepted Answer

End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in the pulmonary circuit?

Accepted Answer

Right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the AV (atrioventricular) valves?

Accepted Answer

They prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction.

Question 13

A patient presents with tachycardia. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

A heart rate faster than normal

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the electrical conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The SA node sets the basic heart rhythm known as sinus rhythm.

Question 15

Which of the following heart sounds is caused by the closure of the semilunar valves?

Accepted Answer

S2 ("Dupp")

Question 16

If a patient has damage to the papillary muscles, which valve is most likely to malfunction?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

They act as exchange vessels, facilitating the transfer of nutrients, gases, and wastes.

Question 18

Which of the following formulas correctly calculates ejection fraction (EF)?

Accepted Answer

$$EF = \frac{SV}{EDV} 	imes 100\%$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of damage to the AV valves?

Accepted Answer

Regurgitation (backflow) of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system on heart rate?

Accepted Answer

It increases heart rate by releasing norepinephrine.

Chapter 20: The Heart – Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions