Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic vessels in fluid homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

They return excess interstitial fluid to the cardiovascular system to maintain blood volume and pressure.

Question 2

A patient develops severe swelling in her left arm after lymph node removal during breast cancer surgery. What is the most likely physiological explanation for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of lymphatic vessels prevents return of interstitial fluid, causing accumulation in tissues.

Question 3

Which lymphatic structure is responsible for absorbing dietary fats in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Lacteals

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries are blind-ended, allowing one-way movement of lymph away from tissues.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why lymph nodes are considered critical for immune defense?

Accepted Answer

They filter pathogens from lymph and provide a site for immune cell activation.

Question 6

A child is born without a functional thymus. Which aspect of immunity will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Maturation of T cells and cell-mediated immunity

Question 7

Which antibody class is most abundant in body secretions such as saliva, tears, and breast milk, and typically exists as a dimer?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 8

A patient receives an injection of preformed antibodies after exposure to a toxin. Which type of immunity is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T (TH) cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They secrete cytokines that activate and enhance the functions of other immune cells.

Question 10

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation caused by increased capillary permeability?

Accepted Answer

Swelling (edema)

Question 11

During a secondary immune response, which antibody class is produced in the greatest quantity and with the highest affinity for antigen?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the adaptive immune response is slower to respond than the innate immune response upon first exposure to a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity requires exposure to a specific antigen to initiate a response.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the complement system in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Forming membrane attack complexes that lyse pathogens.

Question 14

A patient with a genetic defect in interleukin production would most likely have which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Reduced production of neutrophils and impaired activation of T cells

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils squeeze between endothelial cells to enter damaged tissue.

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique feature of the thymus compared to other lymphoid organs?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of T cell maturation and does not contain B cells.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a person who has recovered from measles is unlikely to contract the disease again?

Accepted Answer

Memory B and T cells generated during the primary response allow for a rapid and efficient secondary response.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a lymphatic trunk and the region it drains?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar trunk – pelvic area

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They function as antigen-presenting cells that activate T cells.

Question 20

A patient receives a kidney transplant from a genetically unrelated donor. Which immune process is most likely to threaten the survival of the transplanted organ?

Accepted Answer

Graft rejection mediated by cytotoxic T cells recognizing foreign antigens

Chapter 20: The Lymphatic System and Immunity – Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards