Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is nonspecific and provides immediate defense, while adaptive immunity is specific and develops memory after exposure.

Question 2

Which cell type is primarily responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens that breach epithelial barriers?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Question 3

A patient receives a vaccine containing dead or attenuated pathogens. What type of immunity is being established?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of interferons in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Induce neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins

Question 5

Which antibody class is most abundant in plasma and can cross the placental barrier?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 6

A child is exposed to chickenpox for the first time and develops the disease. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Numbness

Question 8

What is the main benefit of a moderate fever during infection?

Accepted Answer

It increases metabolic rate and causes the liver and spleen to sequester iron and zinc.

Question 9

Which process describes the enhanced phagocytosis of pathogens coated with antibodies or complement proteins?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why a secondary immune response is faster and stronger than a primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells respond rapidly to the antigen.

Question 11

Which type of T cell is responsible for directly attacking and killing virus-infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells (TC)

Question 12

A patient receives an injection of gamma globulin after exposure to hepatitis. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 13

Which of the following is a major function of helper T cells (TH)?

Accepted Answer

Activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

A B cell divides and forms clones after binding to a specific antigen.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving antibodies through breast milk

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

The immune system loses the ability to distinguish self from nonself.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

They engulf antigens and present fragments to T cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a possible consequence of systemic histamine release during an acute allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Anaphylactic shock

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why organ transplant recipients must take immunosuppressive drugs?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the immune system from attacking the transplanted tissue as foreign

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the rate of antibody production by plasma cells during a primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Antibody Production Rate} = 2000 	imes 	ext{Number of Plasma Cells} 	imes 	ext{Time (seconds)}$$

Chapter 21: The Immune System – Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

Study Guide - Practice Questions